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Sub-GHz

Reading RAW signals

Document image


Flipper Zero can record signals from radio remotes in RAW format without decoding, similar to how a dictaphone records sound. The signals are demodulated in accordance with modulation settings. You can use the Read RAW function for recording signals with known and unknown protocols for later playback and analysis. On this page, you will learn how to record and playback RAW signals with your Flipper Zero.

<div class="warning flipper-callout">
    <div class="callout-header">Sub-GHz functionality requires an inserted SD card</div>
    Flipper Zero stores RAW signals only on a microSD card, so update your Flipper Zero firmware with a microSD card inserted before using the Sub-GHz feature. For more information about the update procedure, see the <a href="https://docs.flipperzero.one/basics/firmware-update" onclick="next.router.push('https://docs.flipperzero.one/basics/firmware-update')"><u>firmware update</u> page.  
</div>


We constantly update and improve the Flipper Zero firmware with the help of our community. If your radio remote can't be decoded with the Read function, you can help to add the remote to the list of supported devices. You can leave information about your remote on the forum for analysis with our community.



Reading RAW signals procedure

In Read RAW mode, Flipper Zero records demodulated signals from remotes in a RAW format.

To read and save the signal from the remote control in a RAW format, do the following:

1

Go to Main Menu -> Sub-GHz.

2

Select Read RAW, then press REC to start the recording process.

Read RAW scanning screen
Read RAW scanning screen

3

Press the button on the remote control you want to record in a RAW format.

4

After recording a RAW sample, press Stop, then press Save.

5

Name the recorded signal, then press Save.

<video
    autoplay muted loop playsinline style="width: 100%; margin: auto !important;"
    src="https://cdn.flipperzero.one/Sub-GHz_Read_RAW_2022-10-08_compressed.mp4"
></video>

<div class="warning flipper-callout">
    <div class="callout-header">Remotes have different frequencies and modulations</div>
    In the Sub-1 GHz range, data is transmitted at various frequencies and modulations. In order to demodulate a signal correctly, Frequency and Modulation parameters have to be set in the configuration menu. Usually, these parameters are shown on remote controls or in documentation.
</div>



Read RAW configuration menu

You can manually switch frequencies and modulations in this menu and set the minimum recorded signal strength. To open the Configuration Menu, on the scanning screen, press Config. You will see the following:

Read RAW configuration screen
Read RAW configuration screen


Frequency configuration

You can switch frequencies at which Flipper Zero receives signals. In the Configuration Menu, by pressing %left%LEFT or %right%RIGHT you can manually set frequencies from the list:

List of configuring frequencies
List of configuring frequencies


To read the signal correctly, it is necessary to determine the frequency of the remote. For that, you can use the Frequency Analyzer function.

Modulation configuration

To capture the signal from the remote control, you need to configure the correct modulation settings on Flipper Zero. Because Flipper Zero is not a software-defined radio, you need to configure the correct modulation before scanning the signal. Otherwise, Flipper Zero will not demodulate and record data correctly.

Flipper Zero supports Amplitude (AM) and Frequency (FM) signal modulations. In the Configuration Menu, by pressing %left%LEFT or %right%RIGHT you can manually set signal modulations from the list:

  • AM270 — amplitude modulation with the bandwidth of 270 kHz.
  • AM650 — amplitude modulation with the bandwidth of 650 kHz (set as default).
  • FM238 — frequency modulation with the bandwidth of 270 kHz and the deviation of 2.380371 kHz.
  • FM476 — frequency modulation with the bandwidth of 270 kHz and the deviation of 47.60742 kHz.

RSSI Threshold configuration

You can record high-strength signals in a RAW format and avoid recording low-strength signals by setting the signal strength sensitivity in units of dBm. Once the signal strength drops below the selected minimum RSSI value, Flipper Zero will continue recording for one more second and then pause recording. The recording process will resume once the signal strength exceeds the selected minimum RSSI value.



Sending RAW signals

Flipper Zero can send RAW signals at frequencies that are allowed for transmission in your region. To send a saved RAW signal with your Flipper Zero, do the following:

1

Go to Main Menu -> Sub-GHz -> Saved.

2

Select the signal, then press %ok%OK.

3

Press Send to send the saved RAW signal once or Press and hold Send to send the saved RAW signal repeatedly.

<div class="warning flipper-callout">
    <div class="callout-header">Some frequencies can be blocked for transmission in your region</div>
    Flipper Zero can receive signals at all frequencies in the operational bands. However, Flipper Zero can transmit signals only at frequencies that are allowed for transmission in your region.  
</div>


To learn more about regions and allowed transmitting frequencies, visit the Frequencies page.

Updated 11 Sep 2023
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Reading RAW signals procedure
Read RAW configuration menu
Frequency configuration
Modulation configuration
RSSI Threshold configuration
Sending RAW signals
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